目的了解会宁县2～4岁儿童膳食营养及神经心理发育状况,探讨儿童营养状况与神经心理发育的关联程度。方法随机整群抽取会宁县362名2～4岁儿童,采用24h膳食回顾法及称重法调查儿童随机1d膳食,运用营养软件评价其营养状况;神经心理发育采用0～6岁小儿神经心理发育诊断量表进行测验,并计算发育商,以评价儿童神经心理发育状况。结果儿童膳食能量、蛋白质及碳水化合物基本满足其营养需求,动物性食品摄入较少,脂肪供能偏低。膳食钙、锌、维生素A、维生素C、叶酸、碘摄入普遍不足,其低下率分别为87.8%,97.0%,97.8%,92.0%,96.7%和99.4%;多数儿童神经心理发育正常,处于低下水平的儿童为2.4%。儿童不同神经心理水平间膳食锌、硒、碘摄入量差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论会宁县2～4岁儿童膳食营养状况有待改善,神经心理发育与其营养状况存在一定关联。 Objective To understand the dietary and neuropsychological status of children aged 2-4 years in Huining County and to explore the correlation between children’s nutritional status and neuropsychological development. Methods A total of 362 children aged 2 to 4 years in Huining County were randomly enrolled in this study. The children were randomized to receive dietary supplements for 24 hours. The nutritional status was evaluated by nutritional software. The neuropsychological development was evaluated by neuropsychological development in children aged 0-6 years Diagnostic scales were tested and developers were calculated to evaluate neurodevelopmental status in children. Results Dietary energy, protein and carbohydrates in children basically met their nutritional needs, with less animal food intake and lower fat supply. Dietary calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid and iodine intake were generally inadequate. The low rates were 87.8%, 97.0%, 97.8%, 92.0%, 96.7% and 99.4% respectively. Most children had neuropsychological development normally 2.4% of children are under-represented. Dietary zinc, selenium and iodine intake among children with different neuropsychological parameters were significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusion Dietary nutritional status of children aged 2 ~ 4 years in Huining County needs to be improved. There is a certain relationship between neuropsychological development and nutritional status.