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十九世纪俄国作家契诃夫的短篇小说是深受全世界各国人民喜爱的作品,《凡卡》(第十册19课)就是其中的一篇名著。这篇小说流传广泛,脍炙人口,是一篇象别林斯基所说的那种令人一读,就“永远不可磨灭地印在你的记忆中,使你在任何时候都不会忘记”的“真正的艺术品”。这篇小说写于俄国历史上沙皇专制统治最反动、最黑暗的所谓“停滞时期”的一八八六年,是契诃夫在创作上趋于成熟期的作品。小说通过九岁的主人公凡卡向乡下爷爷写信的形式,叙述了自己在短短三个月学徒生活中遭受的种种摧残,从而反映了旧俄时代穷孩子的悲惨命运以及当时劳苦人民的贫困境况。作品以其丰富深刻的思想内容与生动感人的艺术形象再
The nineteenth-century Russian writer Chekhov's short story is a favorite of all the peoples of the world, and Van Kafka (Volume XIX) is one of the best-known works. The novel is widely circulated and widely acclaimed as an all-encompassing one-of-a-kind reading by Belinsky on “forever indelible in your memory so that you will never forget it” “Real artwork.” This novel, written in 1886 in the history of Russia, the most reactionary and darkest period of the so-called “stagnation period” of the tsarist autocracy, is a work that Chekhov tends to mature in his writing. The novel, written by a nine-year-old protagonist in the form of a letter to the grandfather of the country, narrates all kinds of devastation she suffered in her apprenticeship in just three months, thus reflecting the tragic fate of the poor children in the Old Russian era and the poor situation. Works with its rich and profound thought content and vivid and touching artistic image again