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采用静态箱—气相色谱法,以常规稻为参照对象,研究福州平原地区目前正在广泛推广的超级稻稻田的甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放通量特征。结果表明,稻田CH4排放主要集中在水稻分蘖期,其CH4排放量分别占常规稻和超级稻稻田总排放量的76.7%和64.1%;常规稻稻田CH4排放通量范围为0.09～16.90mg/(m2·h),超级稻稻田CH4排放通量范围为0.11～14.30mg/(m·2h);在整个水稻种植期,超级稻稻田平均CH4排放通量比常规稻稻田约减少3.6%;常规稻稻田的平均N2O通量为7.7μg/(m·2h),超级稻稻田的平均N2O通量为18.0μg/(m·2h);水稻成熟期常规稻和超级稻稻田的N2O通量占总通量的50%以上,分别达到了55.7%和66.9%。从综合温室效应看,常规稻稻田的综合增温潜势为2264.5kg/hm2CO2,超级稻稻田的综合增温潜势为1977.04kg/hm2CO2,超级稻稻田的综合增温潜势比常规稻稻田低12.7%。在相同管理条件下,种植超级稻可以降低稻田的综合温室效应,并提高水稻产量。
Using static box-gas chromatography (GC-MS), conventional methane was used as a reference to study methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in super rice paddies widely distributed in the Fuzhou Plain. The results showed that CH4 emission in paddy field mainly concentrated in the tillering stage of rice, with CH4 emission accounting for 76.7% and 64.1% of the total emissions of conventional and super rice paddy fields respectively. The CH4 emission flux of conventional rice paddy ranged from 0.09 to 16.90 mg / ( m2 · h). The CH4 flux in the super rice paddy ranged from 0.11 to 14.30 mg / (m · 2h). The average CH4 flux in the super rice paddy decreased by 3.6% The average N2O flux of paddy field was 7.7μg / (m · 2h) and the average N2O flux of super rice paddy was 18.0μg / (m · 2h). The N2O flux of conventional rice and super rice paddy at maturity More than 50%, respectively, reached 55.7% and 66.9%. According to the comprehensive greenhouse effect, the comprehensive warming potential of conventional rice paddy is 2264.5kg / hm2CO2, the comprehensive warming potential of super paddy rice is 1977.04kg / hm2CO2, and the comprehensive warming potential of super rice paddy is lower than that of conventional rice paddy 12.7%. Under the same management conditions, the cultivation of super rice can reduce the comprehensive greenhouse effect of rice fields and increase the yield of rice.