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目的了解2011—2014年江阴市手足口病的流行病学及病原学特征,为该市手足口病的防控工作提供科学依据。方法根据《中国疾病预防控制系统》的手足口病病例信息,利用描述流行病学的研究方法分析2011—2014年江阴市手足口病的流行病学及病原学特征。结果 2011—2014年全市累计报告手足口病12 993例,年平均发病率为196.56/10万,发病主要集中在夏季和秋冬季,4—7月共报告8 758例,占总发病数的67.41%;10—12月共报告1977例,占总发病数的15.22%。发病人群主要是5岁以下儿童,共报告11 412例,占总病例的87.83%。病原学检测方面,普通病例以EV71和Cox A16感染为主,重症病例以EV71感染为主,重症病例的病原型别构成与普通病例的病原型别构成比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论江阴市手足口病流行具有明显的时间、地区、人群分布特征。该市手足口病的防控工作应以幼托儿童和散居儿童为重点人群,同时加强幼托机构及学校的疫情监测,防止暴发疫情的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Jiangyin City from 2011 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD in this city. Methods According to the case information of hand, foot and mouth disease of “China Disease Prevention and Control System”, the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in 2011-2014 in Jiangyin City were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 12 993 HFMD cases were reported in the city from 2011 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 196.56 / 100 000. The incidence mainly concentrated in summer, autumn and winter. A total of 8 758 cases were reported from April to July, accounting for 67.41 %; 10-12 months a total of 1977 cases were reported, accounting for 15.22% of the total number of cases. The majority of the patients were children under 5 years old, with a total of 11 412 cases, accounting for 87.83% of the total cases. In etiological examination, EV71 and Cox A16 infections were the most common cases, and EV71 infections were the most serious cases. The pathological type composition of severe cases was compared with that of common cases (P <0.01) ). Conclusion The prevalence of HFMD in Jiangyin City has obvious distribution characteristics of time, area and population. Hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and control work in the city should focus on child care and child diathesis crowd, while strengthening child care institutions and schools of epidemic monitoring to prevent the outbreak of the outbreak.