近年来,尽管我国各级政府从政策、资金、项目等方面大力支持经济落后、文化鲜明、环境独特的生态脆弱民族地区,但该类型区域不但经济未形成跨越式发展,而且生态环境又进一步恶化。面对这一难题,本文以甘南藏族自治州玛曲县为例,分析了它所面临的困境:政府主导的经济发展思路与生态功能错位,经济发展过程中大项目带动作用失效,产业政策水土不服;并得出造成困境的根源为外部区域强调的工业化与当地生产、生活、文化之间的矛盾。笔者从优先区域生态价值,以外部人才带动本地劳动力,强调本地多元主体政策制定参与度三方面提出建议,指出强调本地化知识,将外部经济发展经验嵌入本地才是生态脆弱民族地区可持续发展的战略选择。 In recent years, although all levels of government in our country strongly support the ecologically fragile ethnic areas with economic backwardness, distinctive culture and unique environment from the aspects of policies, funds and projects, the economy of this type not only fails to achieve leapfrog economic development, but also worsens the ecological environment . Faced with this problem, this paper takes Maqu County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the predicament it faces: the dislocation of government-led economic development and ecological functions, the failure of large projects in economic development, the incompatibility of industrial policies ; And concludes that the root causes of the dilemma are the contradictions between the industrialization emphasized by the external regions and the local production, living and culture. The author puts forward suggestions on three aspects from the priority of regional ecological value, the promotion of local labor force by external talents, and the emphasis on the participation of local multivariate policies. It points out that emphasizing localization knowledge and embedding external economic development experience in the local area is the sustainable development of ecologically fragile ethnic areas Strategic Choice.