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当代经济学发展的源动力,无非来自于两方面。其一是新的研究方法的引入,主要是指新的数理模型及统计计量方法(如,冯诺伊曼/摩根斯坦的博弈论)。其二是新的经济学思想的产生,这大多是从实际经济问题和经济政策的讨论中提炼出来的。根据这样的分析,西方一流的经济学家可以分为两类。第一类经济学家注重严谨的研究方法,以发明新的数理模型或经济计量方法为最高目标。第二类经济学家,从实际经济问题出发,力求思想新颖,而避免繁复的研究方法。从五十年代到八十年代,西方经济学在研究方法上,取得了突飞猛进的发展,第一类经济学家领尽风骚。然而,自八十年代中以来,西方主流经济学的学风,在悄然转变,一个重实际,求简洁,反玄虚,避繁复的返古式研究新风,慢慢兴起。第二类学者也随之唱了主台戏。
The driving force for the development of contemporary economics comes from two aspects. One is the introduction of new research methods, mainly referring to new mathematical models and statistical methods (eg, von Neumann / Morgenstern’s game theory). The second is the emergence of new economic thinking, which is mostly drawn from the discussion of actual economic issues and economic policies. According to this analysis, top Western economists can be divided into two categories. The first type of economists focus on rigorous research methods to invent new mathematical models or econometric methods as the highest goal. The second type of economists, starting from the actual economic problems, strive to be innovative and avoid complicated research methods. From the 1950s to the 1980s, Western economics made rapid progress in its research methods. The first category of economists led the way. However, since the mid-1980s, the style of study in the mainstream western economics has been quietly changing, and a new style of research on reform, which is practical, concise, anti-metaphorical and complicated, has been slowly emerging. The second type of scholar also sang the main stage drama.