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目的了解入园儿童接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、破伤风疫苗(以下简称“五防”疫苗)后抗体阳性率与疫苗“首针及时接种率、全程接种率、全程及时接种率”的吻合程度,评价儿童预防接种效果和免疫状况。方法选取2015年新建县长堎地区新近入园的948例儿童作为研究对象,利用间接ELISA法检测血清标本中抗体阳性水平,通过查验儿童预防接种证收集预防接种信息,并进行比较分析。结果 948例入园儿童中,脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率均超过90%,乙肝抗体阳性率低于65%。除城镇儿童白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率显著高于农村(P<0.05)外,性别、户籍、居住地对“五防”疫苗的抗体阳性率影响不大(P>0.05)。全程接种乙肝、百白破三联疫苗的入园儿童乙肝、白喉、破伤风Ig G抗体阳性率显著高于未全程接种者(P<0.05)。首针、全程是否及时接种“五防”疫苗对入园儿童这5种Ig G抗体阳性率的影响不大(P>0.05)。结论 948例入园儿童脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风免疫效果较好,而乙肝抗体阳性率相比较低。全程接种率相比首针及时接种率和全程及时接种率对评价儿童乙肝、白喉、破伤风疫苗免疫效果更有意义,值得关注并推广。
Objective To understand the positive rates of antibodies in vaccinated children after immunization with hepatitis B (hepatitis B), poliomyelitis (polio), pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus (hereinafter referred to as “five anti-virus” vaccines) Inoculation rate, the entire vaccination rate, the whole timely vaccination rate, “the degree of coincidence, evaluation of children vaccination effect and immune status. Methods A total of 948 children newly admitted in Changbai area of Xinjian County in 2015 were selected as the research objects. The antibody positive levels in the serum samples were detected by indirect ELISA, and the vaccination information was collected by checking the vaccination certificate of children and compared and analyzed. Results The positive rates of polio, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus were all over 90% in 948 admission children and the positive rate of hepatitis B antibody was less than 65%. The prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibody in children was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P <0.05). The gender, residence and place of residence had little effect on the antibody positive rate of ”Five Preventions“ vaccine (P> 0.05). The positive rate of Ig G antibody positive for hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus among children who were vaccinated with hepatitis B and diphtheria triple immunization was significantly higher than that without vaccination (P <0.05). The first needle, the whole course of timely inoculation ”five anti" vaccine on admission children of the five Ig G antibody positive rate (P> 0.05). Conclusion 948 children admitted to polio, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus immune effect is better, and the positive rate of hepatitis B antibody is relatively low. The whole vaccination rate compared to the first-time inoculation rate and prompt vaccination rate throughout the evaluation of childhood hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus vaccine more effective immune effect, it is worth attention and promotion.