手术是直肠癌的主要治疗方式[1-2],而淋巴转移作为直肠癌的重要扩散途径,术中淋巴结清扫不彻底会引起局部复发甚至影响病人的生存期。研究表明,直肠癌向上方及侧方存在跳跃转移,对于Dukes B期和C期病人在全直肠系膜切除(TME)基础上选择性地进行上方及侧方淋巴结清扫即直肠癌扩大根治术是非常重要的。本文将对低位直肠癌行侧方淋巴结清扫争议与进展做一综述。1直肠癌根治术的历史演变 Surgery is the main treatment of rectal cancer [1-2], and lymphatic metastasis as an important route of diffusion of rectal cancer, lymph node dissection is not complete will cause local recurrence and even affect the patient’s survival. Studies have shown that there is jumping up and side of the rectal cancer metastasis, Dukes B and C patients on the basis of total mesocolonectomy (TME) based on the selective and lateral lymph node dissection that radical rectal cancer enlargement is very important. This article will review the controversy and progress of lateral lymph node dissection in low rectal cancer. 1 history of radical resection of rectal cancer