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【目的】作物根茬还田不仅促进作物吸收的养分归还农田系统,而且可以培肥土壤。然而,在双季稻区,有关不同施肥措施下根茬生物量的变化及养分积累特征则仍不明确。【方法】基于1981年开始的进贤双季稻长期定位试验,于2012年分别采集早晚稻成熟期不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、2倍的氮磷钾肥(2NPK)和氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(NPKOM)处理的水稻秸秆、籽粒、根茬和土壤样品,分析不同施肥处理下根茬生物量及氮磷钾养分积累量的变化趋势,探讨影响根茬生物量及养分积累量的关键肥力因子。【结果】根茬生物量和养分积累量及占总植株的比例均呈现出早稻季明显高于晚稻季,且有机无机肥配施处理可以显著提升水稻的根茬生物量及氮磷钾养分积累量。与NPK处理相比,NPKOM处理的早稻根茬生物量及氮磷钾积累量分别增加了20.58%、17.34%、270.66%和37.89%,晚稻季根茬生物量及氮磷钾积累量的增幅为23.85%、17.88%、262.55%和37.96%。但是,在早稻季,NPKOM处理的根茬生物量及氮钾养分积累量占总植株的比例则分别比NPK处理降低了22.18%、33.90%和26.70%,晚稻季NPKOM处理的降幅分别为4.91%、39.41%和27.06%,而根茬磷素的比例则呈增加趋势。进一步通过多元回归分析发现,在所有肥力指标中,土壤全磷和有效磷是影响水稻根茬生物量及氮磷钾养分积累量的关键肥力因子(P<0.05)。【结论】长期有机无机肥配施可以显著增加根茬生物量及氮磷钾养分积累量,但却显著降低了根茬氮钾养分占总植株的比例。且当其他条件相同的情况下,施肥措施主要通过土壤磷含量调控早晚稻的根茬生物量及养分积累量。
【Objective】 Crop stubble not only promote the return of crop nutrients to return farmland system, but also fertilize the soil. However, in double cropping rice area, the changes of stubble biomass and nutrient accumulation characteristics under different fertilization measures are still not clear. 【Method】 Based on the long-term positioning experiment of Jinxian double cropping rice which started in 1981, CK, NPK, 2NPK and N The changes of stubble biomass and NPK accumulation under different fertilization treatments were analyzed under rice straw, grain, stubble and soil samples treated with phosphorus, potassium and organic manure (NPKOM). The effects of stubble biomass and Nutrient accumulation of key fertility factors. 【Result】 The results showed that the stubble biomass and nutrient accumulation as well as the proportion of total plants showed that the early rice season was significantly higher than the late rice season, and organic and inorganic fertilizers treatment could significantly increase the stubble biomass and N, P and K accumulation in rice the amount. Compared with NPK treatment, NPKOM treatment increased the biomass and accumulation of NPK by 20.58%, 17.34%, 270.66% and 37.89%, respectively. The increase in biomass and accumulation of NPK in late rice was 23.85%, 17.88%, 262.55% and 37.96% respectively. However, in the early rice season, NPKOM treatment of stubble biomass and nitrogen and potassium accumulation in the total plant ratio were reduced by 22.18%, 33.90% and 26.70% NPK treatment, NPKOM treatment in late rice season decreased 4.91% , 39.41% and 27.06%, while the proportion of stubble increased. Further analysis by multiple regression showed that total phosphorus and available phosphorus were the key fertility factors affecting the stubble biomass and N, P and K accumulation in all fertility indicators (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 Long-term organic-inorganic fertilizers can significantly increase stubble biomass and NPK accumulation, but significantly reduce the proportion of nitrogen and potassium in stubble plants. And when the other conditions are the same, the fertilization measures mainly regulate the stubble biomass and nutrient accumulation of early and late rice through soil phosphorus content.