目的探讨近10年该院双胎早产和单胎早产高危因素的特点,为预防和控制早产提供参考依据。方法收集2006年1月-2015年12月在该院分娩的32 632例新生儿,其中早产病例2 879例,双胎早产339例(双胎早产组),单胎早产2 540例(单胎早产组),计算各组早产率,统计早产病例中胎膜早破、自发性早产、绒毛膜羊膜炎、子痫前期、瘢痕子宫、妊娠合并糖尿病、双胎妊娠、前置胎盘、合并内外科疾病、胎盘早剥等高危因素的比例。结果早产发生率为8.82%;同期单胎分娩31 791例,双胎分娩841例,单胎早产率为7.99%,双胎早产率为40.31%,双胎早产率明显高于单胎,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。双胎早产相关高危因素中,自然早产、胎膜早破、子痫前期、妊娠合并糖尿病、瘢痕子宫、合并内外科疾病、前置胎盘、羊水过多、绒毛膜羊膜炎及妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症所占比例依次位于前10位,分别为42.77%、37.17%、19.76%、19.17%、16.22%、16.22%、14.45%、10.32%、10.03%和6.78%。单胎早产相关高危因素中,自然早产、胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎、子痫前期、妊娠合并糖尿病、瘢痕子宫、前置胎盘、羊水过少、合并内外科疾病和胎儿生长受限所占比例依次位于前10位,分别为27.32%、22.05%、16.89%、12.64%、11.57%、9.84%、8.98%、8.82%、5.91%和3.86%。双胎早产组中自然早产、胎膜早破、子痫前期、妊娠合并糖尿病、瘢痕子宫、妊娠合并内外科疾病、前置胎盘、羊水过多、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、胎儿窘迫的比例均明显高于单胎早产组中相应比例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双胎发生早产的风险明显高于单胎,与单胎早产相比,胎膜早破、前置胎盘、瘢痕子宫、妊娠合并症及并发症等高危因素与双胎早产的关系更加密切,应提高警惕,做好预防、监测及治疗等工作,尽量减少双胎早产的发生。 Objective To investigate the characteristics of high risk factors of preterm birth and singleton premature birth in this hospital in the past 10 years and provide references for the prevention and control of premature delivery. Methods A total of 32,632 newborns were delivered in this hospital from January 2006 to December 2015. Among them, 2,879 were premature births, 339 were twins premature (twin preterm birth), 2 540 were singletons (singleton Preterm birth group). The rates of preterm birth in each group were calculated. Premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, scar uterus, pregnancy with diabetes mellitus, twin pregnancy, placenta previa, merger and internal medicine Disease, placental abruption and other risk factors. Results The prevalence of preterm birth was 8.82%. There were 31 791 cases of single birth and 841 cases of twin birth in the same period. The rate of single birth was 7.99%. The rate of premature birth was 40.31%. The premature birth rate was significantly higher than that of single birth, Statistical significance (P <0.05). Among the risk factors related to preterm birth, the preterm premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, pregnancy with diabetes mellitus, scar uterus, internal and external diseases, placenta previa, polyhydramnios, chorioamnionitis and intrahepatic bile during pregnancy The proportion of silicosis in the top ten was 42.77%, 37.17%, 19.76%, 19.17%, 16.22%, 16.22%, 14.45%, 10.32%, 10.03% and 6.78% respectively. Among the risk factors associated with single-child prematurity, premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, pregnancy with diabetes mellitus, scar uterus, placenta previa, oligohydramnios, combined surgery and fetal growth restriction Accounting for 27.32%, 22.05%, 16.89%, 12.64%, 11.57%, 9.84%, 8.98%, 8.82%, 5.91% and 3.86% respectively. Premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, pregnancy with diabetes mellitus, scar uterus, pregnancy and surgical diseases, placenta previa, polyhydramnios, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and fetal distress Were significantly higher than the corresponding proportion of singleton preterm birth group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The risk of premature birth in twins is significantly higher than that in singletons. Compared with singletons, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, uterine scar, pregnancy complications and complications are more closely related to preterm delivery. Should be vigilant and do a good job in prevention, monitoring and treatment work to minimize the occurrence of twin premature birth.