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目的了解2012年南京市手足口病流行病学特征,为制定更加科学、有效的预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学的研究方法,对南京市2012年手足口病疫情资料及病原学监测资料进行分析。结果 2012年全年南京市共报告手足口病17 041例,发病率为210.16/10万;其中重症217例,重症病例占总病例的比例为1.27%。发病高峰发生在夏季(4—7月),次高峰发生在冬季(11和12月)。城郊、2县人群发病率均高于主城区(P<0.01)。男女发病率之比为1.50∶1(P<0.01)。0~5岁儿童占总病例的92.41%,年龄别发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。绝大多数病例为幼托儿童和散居儿童。2012年全市共报告实验室诊断病例646例,普通病例以CoxA16和EV71感染为主,重症病例以EV71感染为主(P<0.01)。结论南京市手足口病季节、地区、性别、年龄及人群分布特征明显。低龄、男性幼儿是手足口病的危险因素。延迟就诊的病例发展成重症病例的风险更大。手足口病的预防控制应以散居儿童和幼托儿童为重点人群,开展手足口病流行病学和病原学研究,将有助于提出更好的预防控制措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanjing in 2012 and provide the basis for more scientific and effective prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data and etiological surveillance data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanjing in 2012. Results A total of 17 041 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Nanjing in 2012, with a morbidity of 210.16 / 100 000; of which 217 were severe cases, accounting for 1.27% of the total cases. The peak incidence occurred in the summer (April-July) and the sub-peak occurred in the winter (November and December). Suburb, 2 county population incidence were higher than the main city (P <0.01). The incidence of males and females was 1.50: 1 (P <0.01). The children aged 0-5 years accounted for 92.41% of the total cases, and the difference in age was statistically significant (P <0.01). The vast majority of cases are kindergarten children and diaspora children. In 2012, a total of 646 laboratory-diagnosed cases were reported in the city. CoxA16 and EV71 were common in common cases and EV71 was predominant in severe cases (P <0.01). Conclusions The seasonal, regional, gender, age and population distribution of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanjing are obvious. Young men, young children are risk factors for hand, foot and mouth disease. Postponed cases have a greater risk of developing severe cases. Prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease should focus on diaspore children and childcare children, carry out epidemiology and etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease research, will help to put forward better prevention and control measures.