提到国有企业,有些人的印象还是“负盈不负亏,政府全兜底”。在计划经济时期,国企的确如此。那时候,国企的特点在“国”——国企是行政机构的附属物,政府部门直接插手企业经营管理,企业生产什么产品、生产多少、卖给谁、卖多少钱都要上报主管部门决定,赔了赚了都是政府的,对员工没有淘汰机制,亏了钱照样给员工涨工资。然而,改革开放以后,计划经济时代的国有企业管理体制就显得与市场格格不入了。以市场化为取向的经济体制 When it comes to state-owned enterprises, some people still have the impression that “the government can not afford to lose anything.” In the planned economy, state-owned enterprises really do so. At that time, the characteristics of state-owned enterprises in the “state ” - state-owned enterprises are the appendages of administrative agencies, government departments directly intervene in business management, enterprises produce what products, how much to sell, sell to whom, how much to sell to be reported to the competent authorities Decided to lose money earned by the government, the staff did not eliminate the mechanism, loss of money still to the staff up wages. However, after the reform and opening up, the state-owned enterprise management system in the era of planned economy appeared to be incompatible with the market. Market-oriented economic system