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线粒体是细胞中重要的细胞器之一。线粒体的一项基本的功能是通过电子传递链的关键酶把碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪等营养物质转化为能量并生成水和CO2。线粒体发生功能障碍会影响体内营养物质的代谢,导致一系列代谢异常。由于线粒体在骨骼肌和肝脏的能量代谢中起关键作用,故本综述以骨骼肌和肝脏线粒体功能障碍为例,阐述线粒体功能障碍对T2DM影响及其可能发生的机制。
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in a cell. One of the basic functions of mitochondria is to convert carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other nutrients into energy and generate water and CO2 through key enzymes in the electron transport chain. Mitochondrial dysfunction can affect the metabolism of nutrients in the body, leading to a series of metabolic abnormalities. Because mitochondria play a key role in the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle and liver, this review exemplifies the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on T2DM and its possible mechanism by using the mitochondrial dysfunction of skeletal muscle and liver as an example.