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全球增长率最低的国家之一日本是世界第二大药品消费国,近几年日本政府为减少医疗费用不断降低药品价格,药品总体价格水平逐年走低,2003年,日本药品总销售额不足美国的三分之一,在全球主要药品市场中是增长率最低的国家之一。日本药品的价格管理由厚生劳动省医政局经济课负责,政府价格管理的范围为列入医疗保险目录的所有药品,现有13311个药品。价格管理的方式是政府确定药品零售价,医疗保险根据政府定价补偿药品费用。由于日本实行全民医疗保险,未纳入医疗保险目录的药品不能报销,市场销售量很小,故日本几乎所有的药品均纳入了医疗保险目录实行政府定价。
Japan, one of the countries with the lowest global growth rate, is the world’s second-largest consumer of pharmaceutical products. In recent years, the Japanese government has continuously reduced the price of medicines to reduce medical expenses and the overall price level of medicines has been declining year by year. In 2003, the total sales of Japanese medicines were less than that of the United States One-third, one of the countries with the lowest growth rates in the world’s major drug markets. The price management of Japanese medicines is under the responsibility of the Economic Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and the government price management covers all the medicines listed in the medical insurance catalog. There are currently 13,311 medicines. Price management is the government to determine the retail price of medicines, medical insurance under the government pricing compensation for drug costs. Since Japan implements universal health insurance, medicines not included in the medical insurance catalog can not be reimbursed and the market is very small in sales. Therefore, almost all medicines in Japan are included in the medical insurance catalog and are subject to government pricing.