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移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）是阻碍异基因造血干细胞移植发展的主要原因。由于常规预防及治疗方法效果不佳,单克隆抗体（简称单抗）作为新的替代方法正日益受到重视。T细胞清除法是降低GVHD的有效方法,但常导致复发率升高。利用单抗清除移植物中的特异性活化T细胞,以分离GVHD及移植物抗白血病作用,改善T细胞清除的效果。通过单抗阻断共刺激信号诱导对受者抗原特异性耐受是预防GVHD的另一重要策略。抗CD3和抗CD25在GVHD治疗中,特别是对激素无效的GVHD有一定效果。免疫毒素能有效清除T细胞,较纯单抗有更好的疗效。随着免疫学和分子生物学的研究进展,困扰单抗治疗的副作用大、免疫原性等问题逐步解决,单抗治疗会更加有效。
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of hindering the development of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are gaining more and more attention as a new alternative because of the ineffectiveness of conventional prevention and treatment methods. T cell depletion is an effective method to reduce GVHD, but often leads to an increased relapse rate. The monoclonal antibody was used to clear the specific activated T cells in the grafts to separate GVHD and graft-versus-leukemia and improve T cell clearance. It is another important strategy to prevent GVHD by blocking the specific antigen-specific tolerance of recipients by blocking co-stimulatory signals. Anti-CD3 and anti-CD25 in GVHD treatment, especially for hormone-ineffective GVHD have some effect. Immunotoxin can effectively remove T cells, compared with pure monoclonal antibody has a better effect. With the progress of immunology and molecular biology, the side effects of MAb treatment are large and the immunogenicity and other issues are gradually solved. MAb treatment will be more effective.