预防儿童结核感染是减少成人发病的关键,多年来传统使用异烟肼6～12个月,对感染人群特别是高危感染的儿童,进行预防性治疗以减少发病率。虽然异烟肼的预防效果已经得到肯定,但由于该药用药时间长,服用次数多,使得人群的可接受性差,特别是青少年更不易完成疗程,这给预防工作带来 Prevention of tuberculosis in children is the key to reducing morbidity in adults. For many years, isoniazid has been traditionally used for 6 to 12 months, and prophylactic treatment of infected children, especially those at high risk, has been adopted to reduce the incidence. Although the preventive effect of isoniazid has been affirmed, due to the long period of taking the medicine and taking more times, the acceptability of the population is poor, and especially the young people are less likely to complete the course of treatment, which brings prevention work