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“都”不是加合算子,它只承担了加合运算中的“总括(collective)”功能。除此之外,“都”还有“分配(distributive)”的功能。“总括”与“分配”既相互独立又相互联系。根据Link的*-算子理论,设集合“他们”={张三,李四},“他们”与其成员“张三”“李四”有两种关系。如在“他们跌倒了”中,‖跌倒了‖={<张三,跌倒了1>,<李四,跌倒了2>}或者{<张三+李四,跌倒了>}。前者是“个体-整体”关系(individual part relation),对应着句子的分配解读;后者是“部分-整体”关系(material part relation),对应着句子的总括解读。在总括解读句式中“都”只能是分配算子,在分配解读中“都”只能是总括算子。本文拟在事件语义学的视野下,通过分析没有“都”的基本句和“都”字句的语义差别,探讨总括算子“都”语义生成机制。
“” Is not an addition operator, it only assumes the “collective” function in the addition operation. In addition, “all ” there “distribution (distributive) ” function. “Collective ” and “Distribution ” are independent and interrelated. According to Link ’s * - operator theory, it is assumed that there are two kinds of relations between the set “them ” = {Zhang San, Li Si}, “they ” and their members “Zhang San ” “Li Si ”. As in “They Fall,” ‖ falls’ = {{Zhang San, falls 1>, } or {}. The former is an “individual part relation” that corresponds to the interpretation of the distribution of sentences; the latter is a “material part relation,” which corresponds to a collective interpretation of the sentence. In the general interpretation of the sentence “are ” can only be assigned operator, in the distribution of interpretation “are ” can only be an operator. This essay intends to explore the semantic generation mechanism of the global operator “du ” by analyzing the semantic difference between the basic sentence without “du ” and the “du ” sentence from the perspective of event semantics.