考古学的方法和理论是与发掘出土的古代物质遗存相适应的,同时与其他学科发展有着密不可分的关系。考古学文化是考古学、特别是史前考古学基本的也是核心的概念,许多方法和理论都是围绕这一概念展开的。通过分析考古学文化概念的演变及有关的方法和理论,审视中外考古学发展的历程,可以从不同角度反映和解析当代考古学文化新的理解和新的研究方法。 Archeology methods and theories are compatible with the excavated ancient material remains, and are closely linked with the development of other disciplines. Archeology and culture are the basic and core concepts of archeology, especially prehistoric archeology. Many methods and theories have been developed around this concept. By analyzing the evolution of the concept of archeology and related methods and theories and examining the development of Chinese and foreign archeology, we can reflect and analyze the new understanding and new research methods of contemporary archaeological culture from different perspectives.