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海上货物运输法所设定的承运人责任体制往往是强制性的,不允许当事人之间通过自由协商予以变通或者背离。提单管辖权条款与仲裁条款中的当事人意思自治却可能减损承运人强制责任体制。尽管可能减轻承运人责任,但除非有足够证据证明管辖权条款或仲裁条款将导致索赔人丧失充分救济,当事人意思自治应得到尊重。采用承运人强制责任限缩提单管辖权与仲裁条款仅适用在外国判决或仲裁裁决承认与执行阶段,可以通过否定提单中管辖权条款与仲裁条款效力的方式或者以违背公共政策为理由来进行。
The system of liability of carriers set by the law of carriage of goods by sea is often compulsory and does not allow parties to negotiate or deviate from them through free negotiation. The autonomy of parties in the bill of lading jurisdiction clause and the arbitration clause may derogate from the carrier’s system of compulsory liability. Although it is possible to reduce the liability of the carrier, party autonomy should be respected, unless there is sufficient evidence that the claimant will lose full relief. The use of the carrier’s mandatory liability limits the bill of lading jurisdiction and arbitration clause applies only to foreign judgments or arbitral awards recognition and implementation stage can be denied the bill of lading the validity of the terms and conditions of the arbitration clause or to violate public policy as a reason to proceed.