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儿童重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）应用免疫抑制剂治疗及小儿急性白血病（AL）强烈化疗后，可因血小板减少导致严重出血，甚至危及生命。单采血小板输注既可预防出血，又能有效地控制出血。本文报告50例次SAA及AL患儿应用单采血小板输注的临床观察结果。44例次（88％）外周血小板计数明显提高（平均上升20．6×109／L），临床症状显著改善。6例次（12％）血小板计数未见升高，其中2例次临床出血倾向得到改善；2例次SAA合并败血症；2例次ANLL晚期病情危重，伴尿血、眼底出血。4O例次中，8例次供血者与患儿有血缘关系，其外周血小板计数增高幅度大于供受无血缘关系者（平均血小板计数，前者为111．43×109／L，后者为33．23×109L），且持续时间显著延长（前者平均7．4天，后者平均3．6天）。本组资料表明，输注单采血小板能够明显提高外周血小板浓度，对AL强烈化疗后的骨髓抑制期和SAA应用免疫抑制剂能起到积极防治出血合并症作用，且无严重不良反应。在目前尚无条件普遍开展选择输注HLA匹配的供者血小板的情况下，推广单采血小板输注，尤其选择有血缘关系的供者，是保证血液肿瘤患者能够得到系统、正规治疗的有效支持治疗措施。
Children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) immunosuppressive therapy and pediatric acute leukemia (AL) after intensive chemotherapy may result in severe bleeding due to thrombocytopenia, or even life-threatening. Single platelet transfusion can prevent bleeding, but also effectively control bleeding. This article reports 50 cases of SAA and AL children with apheresis platelet transfusion clinical observations. 44 cases (88%) peripheral platelet count was significantly increased (an average increase of 20.6 × 109 / L), clinical symptoms improved significantly. 6 cases (12%) had no increase in platelet count, 2 cases had improvement of clinical bleeding tendency, 2 cases of SAA combined with septicemia, 2 cases of advanced ANLL in late stage, with hematuria and fundus hemorrhage. 4O cases, 8 cases of blood donors and children have a blood relationship, the increase in peripheral platelet count greater than those for non-blood supply (average platelet count, the former was 111.43 × 109 / L, the latter 33). 23 × 109L) with significantly longer duration (the former averaged 7.4 days and the latter 3.6 days on average). This group of data shows that single platelet transfusion can significantly increase peripheral platelet concentration, the strong bone marrow suppression after AL and SAA application of immunosuppressive agents can play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of bleeding complications, and no serious adverse reactions. In the absence of general conditions for the selection of HLA-matched donor platelets, the promotion of apheresis, especially for those with a blood relationship, is a valid supportive treatment for patients with hematological malignancies who are systematically and formally treated Measures.