目的　了解兰州市学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素。方法　采用分层整群抽样法对兰州市 9所幼儿园的 80 8名 3～ 7a儿童进行毛细血管血铅测定 ,室内外尘土及环境铅测定 ,对儿童家庭和环境等因素进行问卷调查。结果　儿童血铅平均值为 10 1.5 8μg/L ,标准差为 48.75 μg/L ,其中 39.1%≥ 10 0 μg/L ,工业区儿童血铅最高 ,其次是市中心区 ,环境铅与血铅呈明显的正相关 (r =18.13　P <0 .0 0 0 1)。住在蓄电池厂、油漆厂、炼油厂附近及住较新房是引起儿童血铅升高的主要危险因素。结论　兰州市儿童血铅水平较高 ,应尽快加以防治 Objective To understand the blood lead levels and its influencing factors in preschool children in Lanzhou. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to measure capillary blood lead, indoor and outdoor dust and environmental lead in 808 children aged 3-7 years from 9 kindergartens in Lanzhou City. The questionnaires were also conducted on children’s family and environment. Results The average level of blood lead was 10 1.5 8 μg / L in children, with a standard deviation of 48.75 μg / L, of which 39.1% was ≥10 0 μg / L. The highest level of blood lead was found in industrial areas, followed by downtown area. Significantly positive correlation was found (r = 18.13 P <0.0001). Living in battery factories, paint factories, refineries and living near new homes is the main risk factor for raising blood lead in children. Conclusion The level of blood lead in Lanzhou children should be controlled as soon as possible