目的探讨miR-199a-5p和miR-17-5p在子宫内膜异位症(EMS)患者血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法收集EMS患者血清40例为EMS组,同期不孕症检查的患者血清20例为对照组;采用实时定量PCR检测两组患者血清中miR-199a-5p和miR-17-5p的差异表达,分析其与临床特征的关系。构建受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),采用SPSS17.0软件对实验数据进行统计分析。结果 miR-199a-5p在EMS组血清中的相对表达量较对照组显著减少(Z=-2.090,P=0.037),血清miR-199a-5p的变化与EMS r-AFS分期呈负相关(P=0.038),与痛经程度无关。miR-17-5p在EMS组血清中的表达水平较对照组显著减少(Z=-2.464,P=0.014),血清miR-17-5p的变化与r-AFS分期及痛经程度均无关。ROC曲线分析显示,miR-199a-5p和miR-17-5p应用于诊断EMS的AUC值为73.8%、78.0%,敏感度为70.0%、80.0%,特异度为85.0%、65.0%。结论 1miR-199a-5p和miR-17-5p可能参与EMS的发病。2miR-199a-5p和miR-17-5p可能成为诊断EMS的分子生物标志物。 Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-199a-5p and miR-17-5p in serum of patients with endometriosis (EMS). Methods Serum samples from 40 patients with EMS were collected as EMS group and 20 serum samples from infertility patients as control group during the same period. The differential expression of miR-199a-5p and miR-17-5p in sera of two groups were detected by real- Analyze its relationship with clinical features. Constructed the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), using SPSS17.0 software for statistical analysis of experimental data. Results The relative expression level of miR-199a-5p in serum of EMS group was significantly lower than that of control group (Z = -2.090, P = 0.037). The change of serum miR-199a-5p was negatively correlated with EMS r- = 0.038), has nothing to do with the degree of dysmenorrhea. The expression level of miR-17-5p in serum of EMS group was significantly lower than that of control group (Z = -2.464, P = 0.014). The change of serum miR-17-5p was not related to the r-AFS staging and dysmenorrhea. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values ​​of miR-199a-5p and miR-17-5p for the diagnosis of EMS were 73.8% and 78.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 70.0% and 80.0%, and the specificity was 85.0% and 65.0% respectively. Conclusion 1miR-199a-5p and miR-17-5p may be involved in the pathogenesis of EMS. 2miR-199a-5p and miR-17-5p may become molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of EMS.