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目的:了解海南垦区2011~2012年0~5岁儿童手足口病(HFMD)的流行病学特征及临床特征。方法:采用回顾性调查方法对海南垦区2011~2012年5岁以下儿童HFMD病例流行情况进行横断面调查。结果:2011年儿童HFMD的发病率为5.0%,2012年为5.2%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。东部地区的东升、南部地区的金江、西部地区的西达、红岗发病率2012年低于2011年,中部地区的中建和南吕则相反。3~4岁为手足口病高发年龄,5~7月为手足口病发病高峰,10~11月又1个发病小高峰。86.8%儿童发病地点为散居家里,13.2%为幼儿机构,92.9%家长为第1发现人;4.2%患儿有并发症,71.1%进行门诊治疗,28.9%进行住院治疗,98.2%患儿发热平均温度为(38.53±1.54)℃,平均持续时间为(2.24±1.13)天;73.2%有口腔疱疹症状,90.4%有皮诊症,主要是斑丘诊、疱疹,具体部位手、足和臀部。患儿84.6%治愈,15.0%好转,有3例死亡。EV71阳性率为39.4%。结论:HFMD一年四季均可发病,夏秋季节多见,5~7月份为发病高峰期。发病地点以散发为主,流行病原以EV71为主,患儿发热以低热和中等度热为主,持续时间2~3天。皮疹多为疱疹和斑丘疹,以足、手、臀部多见,患者多伴有口腔疱疹,并发症较少,患者预后良好。根据以上流行特点应采取针对性干预措施,切实有效地保障广大儿童的身心健康。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children aged 0 ~ 5 in Hainan Reclamation from 2011 to 2012. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HFMD among children under 5 years of age from 2011 to 2012 in Hainan Reclamation Area. Results: The incidence of HFMD in children was 5.0% in 2011 and 5.2% in 2012, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). Dongsheng in the eastern region, Jinjiang in the southern region, and Xida and Honggangs in the western region were lower in 2012 than in 2011, while CCC and Nanlu in the central region were the opposite. 3 to 4 years old for the high incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease, 5 to 7 months for the peak incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease, 10 to 11 months and a small peak incidence. 86.8% of the children were in diaspora at home, 13.2% were young children and 92.9% were first discovered, 4.2% had complications, 71.1% were outpatient, 28.9% were hospitalized and 98.2% were feverish The average temperature was (38.53 ± 1.54) ℃ and the average duration was (2.24 ± 1.13) days. 73.2% had symptoms of oral herpes and 90.4% had palpation. The main symptoms were spotted papulosis, herpes and specific hands, feet and buttocks. 84.6% of children were cured, 15.0% improved, and 3 died. The positive rate of EV71 was 39.4%. Conclusion: HFMD can develop all the year round, more common in summer and autumn, from May to July is the peak incidence. Distribution of the main distribution of the disease, the main source of the epidemic to EV71, fever in children with low and moderate fever-based duration of 2 to 3 days. Rash mostly rash and rash, with foot, hand, buttocks more common, many patients with oral herpes, fewer complications, the prognosis of patients with good. According to the above popular features should take targeted interventions, effectively and effectively protect the physical and mental health of children.