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以23名江苏省花剑运动员为实验对象,采用专家—新手研究范式,运用事件相关电位(ERP)记录技术等方法,对高水平花剑运动员的时间感优势特征及其可能的神经机制进行探索性实验研究。行为结果显示,花剑运动员所复制出的时间短于标准时间(1000 ms),且随着运动等级的降低,时间复制准确性逐渐下降,但不同等级运动员间不具有显著性差异。ERP结果显示,花剑运动员进行时间复制时在相应脑区所诱发的CNV峰波幅不存在任何显著的主效应和交互效应;诱发的CNV前支始潜伏期存在显著的组别主效应和组别性别的交互效应,高水平花剑运动员的CNV前支始潜伏期明显短于一般水平花剑运动员;在270～670 ms时间窗口内相应脑区诱发的CNV平均波幅存在显著的组另q主效应和组别性别的交互效应,高水平花剑运动员的CNV平均波幅明显低于一般水平花剑运动员。研究结果表明,高水平花剑运动员时间知觉过程既经济又有效,其复制短时距的运动准备过程短、控制加工启动早、投入的注意资源少、控制加工的自动化程度高。其时间感优势的可能机制为特定脑区诱发CNV的脑神经活动水平较低、诱发产生CNV的时间较早。而且,花剑运动员的时间感知能力存在一定“低估”倾向,前额叶处存在显著的大脑右半球优势效应。
Taking twenty-three Jiangsu provincial foil-racers as experimental subjects, this paper explores the time-sensitive superiority and possible neural mechanism of the high-level foil-racers by using the expert-novice research paradigm and using event-related potential (ERP) recording techniques Sexual Laboratory Research. The behavioral results showed that the time spent by fencer was shorter than that of standard time (1000 ms), and the accuracy of time reproduction decreased with the decrease of exercise grade. However, there was no significant difference between athletes of different grades. The results of ERP showed that there was no significant main effect and reciprocal effect of the amplitude of CNV peak induced by the corresponding brain regions when the fencing athletes performed time replication. There was significant group main effect and group gender . The pre-CNV latency of high-level foil-racers was significantly shorter than that of the general foil-race athletes. In the 270-670 ms time window, the mean CNV levels induced by corresponding brain regions were significantly different from those of the other groups No gender interaction, high level of fencing athletes CNV average amplitude was significantly lower than the average level fencer. The results show that the time-aware process of high-level foil-fencing athletes is both economical and effective. The preparation process of short-distance copying is short, the control processing is started early, the attention resource is less and the degree of automation of control processing is higher. The possible mechanism of the temporal predominance is that the brain activity of CNV induced by specific brain regions is low, and the CNV induction is initiated earlier. Moreover, the time-sensing ability of the fencer has some “underestimation” tendency, and there is a significant predominance effect of the right hemisphere in the frontal lobe.