目的　了解社会经济状况与中小学生伤害发生的关系,确定伤害干预的重点危险因素。方法　用4阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取大城市、中小城市、1类农村和2类农村各3个县区进行调查,每个县区各抽取1所小学、初中和高中学校,,用统一的调查表对选取的学生的伤害情况及相关的社会经济因素进行调查,小学一、二年级学生面访,小学三年级以上学生在调查员和老师的指导下自填完成。结果　共调查6 35 2名学生,其中男生32 95人、女生30 5 1人,城市32 4 3人、农村310 9人。中小学生伤害人数发生率为30 4 % ,次数发生率为4 8 0 % ,人数发生率男生(35 2 % )高于女生(2 5 3% ) (P <0 0 1) ,农村(33 8% )高于城市(2 7 2 % ) (P <0 0 1) ;自报健康较差、难以处理好同学关系的学生伤害发生率较高,家庭关系不和睦、父亲文化程度较低、家庭经济差和家庭人口过多或过少的学生伤害发生率也较高;采取预防伤害措施的学生和家长其伤害发生率较低。多因素分析发现,对于小学生来说,其安全行为得分高、女生和母亲文化程度高是保护因素;对于中学生来说,中学生及其父母采取预防伤害的措施、女性是伤害发生的保护因素,母亲文化程度高、家庭关系不和睦是危险因素。结论　广东省中小学生伤害发生率高,社会、经济、家庭和个人因素对伤害 Objective To understand the relationship between socioeconomic status and primary and secondary school students’ injuries, and to identify the key risk factors for injury intervention. Methods A four-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate three counties in large cities, small and medium-sized cities, one type of rural areas and two types of rural areas. One elementary, middle school and high school were drawn from each county, A unified questionnaire to investigate the injury of selected students and related socio-economic factors, primary and secondary students interview, third grade and above primary school students under the guidance of investigators and teachers self-completed. Results A total of 6352 students were surveyed, including 32 95 boys and 305 girls, 32 433 urban residents and 3109 rural residents. The incidence of primary and secondary school students was 30 4%, the number of occurrences was 48.0%, the incidence of boys was 35.2% higher than that of girls (25.3%) (P 0 01) %) Was higher than that of the city (27.2%) (P <0.01); self-reported higher injury rate, poor family relationships, lower education level of father, lower education level of family members Students with poor economy and over or under family population also had higher rates of injury, and students and parents taking preventative measures had lower rates of injuries. Multivariate analysis showed that for primary school students, their safety behavior scores were high, and the education level of girls and their mothers was the protective factor. For secondary school students, middle school students and their parents took precautionary measures to prevent injuries, and women were the protective factors of injury. The mothers A high level of education and disharmony in family relations are risk factors. Conclusions Primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province have a high incidence of injuries and social, economic, family and personal factors