论文部分内容阅读
许多研究表明,世界大豆品种产量随着育成年代呈显著增加,但自20世纪90年代以来我国育成大豆品种的产量增加幅度有放缓和停止不前的变化趋势。说明以农艺性状为选择目标的常规育种其品种的产量潜力已受到限制。迫切需要建立新的育种目标和计划。大豆育种工作者在对大豆品种产量和农艺性状进行定向改良时,并没有考虑生理性状的改良,也不清楚生理性状发生了哪些变化。许多研究表明,大豆品种遗传改良过程中其生理性状也发生了变化,并与产量呈密切相关。对1923年至2005年间育成的40个大豆品种农艺性状和生理性状的研究表明,生理性状与产量和农艺性状相比,其改善的幅度较小,说明大豆生理性状的遗传改良孕育着巨大的产量潜力。建立以生理性状为目标的育种程序,定向改变大豆的生物学和生理学特性,是提升当前我国大豆育种水平,实现产量突破的重要途径。总结作者及课题组成员近几年来对吉林省1923年以来育成的大豆品种农艺性状和生理性状的比较研究结果,认为大豆叶片的光合能力、表观叶肉导度、硝酸还原酶活性和根瘤的数量具有作为高产品种选择指标的价值,有待于对其进行选择成本、可靠性、关联性和可替代性进行研究,用于高产大豆品种的选育和改良计划。
Many studies have shown that the output of the world’s soybean varieties has increased significantly with the growing age, but the increase in the yield of the soybean varieties cultivated in China has been slowing down and has not stopped changing since the 1990s. The potential of the yield of conventional breeding with its agronomic trait as a target has been limited. There is an urgent need to establish new breeding goals and plans. Soybean breeders did not consider the improvement of physiological traits or the changes of physiological traits in the directional improvement of soybean yield and agronomic traits. Many studies have shown that the physiological traits of soybean varieties also changed during the process of genetic improvement, which is closely related to the yield. Studies on agronomic traits and physiological traits of 40 soybean cultivars bred from 1923 to 2005 showed that the improvement of physiological traits was less than that of yield and agronomic traits, which indicated that the genetic improvement of physiological traits of soybean possessed a great yield potential. Establishing a breeding program aimed at physiological traits and orienting the biological and physiological characteristics of soybean is an important way to enhance the current level of soybean breeding in our country and achieve a breakthrough in yield. Summarize the author and task force members in recent years, Jilin Province, 1923 breeding bred agronomic traits and physiological characteristics of the comparative study results that the soybean leaf photosynthetic capacity, apparent mesophyll conductivity, nitrate reductase activity and the number of nodules Has the value of being an index for selection of high-yielding varieties, and needs to be studied on the selection cost, reliability, relevance and substitutability thereof for breeding and improvement programs of high-yielding soybean varieties.