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探究消费不平等对于理解中国居民经济福利不平等具有重要意义。利用1992-2010年城镇居民调查数据,本文考察了居民消费不平等的演变趋势和原因。结果发现:1992年以来,中国居民总体消费支出不平等呈上升趋势;分类看,教育、娱乐和交通通讯消费支出不平等程度上涨幅度更大,而家庭设备用品和医疗保健消费不平等则呈下降趋势。通过分解收入不平等,我们发现临时收入不平等对消费不平等具有重要影响。这表明政策制定者应进一步完善消费信贷市场和社会保障,减少临时收入波动对居民消费不平等的冲击。
To explore the inequality of consumption is of great significance to understand the inequality of the economic welfare of Chinese residents. Using the survey data of urban residents from 1992 to 2010, this paper examines the evolutionary trends and causes of inequality in household consumption. The results showed that: since 1992, the inequality of Chinese residents’ overall consumption expenditure has been on an upward trend. According to the classification, the degree of inequality of expenditure on education, entertainment and communications and communications has risen even more, while that of household equipment and health care has dropped trend. By decomposing income inequality, we find that temporary income inequality has a major impact on consumer inequality. This shows that policymakers should further improve the consumer credit market and social security so as to reduce the impact of temporary income fluctuations on household consumption inequality.