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日本战败之后,以美、苏、英、中为首的联合国曾计划严惩日本的战争犯罪,并使日本向侵华战争中损失巨大的中国予以赔偿。然而伴随战后东亚冷战格局的形成与强化,使得日本得以依附美国,逃避了对其战争责任的追究。并且,美国与日本还以秘密交易的方式为曾参与南京大屠杀并挑起全面侵华战争的日本海军、从事细菌战研究的731部队开脱罪责,导致这些战争犯罪问题至今无法定论。更严重的是,虽然中国为了中日友好放弃了对日本的战争索赔,但是如今日本国内民族主义风潮盛行,宽容未能带来中日两国民众的历史共识。为了争取中日两国的真正友好,有必要了解为何日本能够逃避战争责任的历史背景。
After the defeat of Japan, the United Nations led by the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and China planned to punish Japan for war crimes and Japan to compensate Japan for its huge loss in the invasion of China. However, with the formation and strengthening of the post-war East Asian Cold War, Japan has been able to rely on the United States and evade its accountability for its war responsibilities. Moreover, the United States and Japan have also secretly traded the 731 units engaged in the study of bacteriological warfare for the Japanese navy who participated in the Nanjing massacre and provoked an all-out war on China. As a result, the criminalization of these war crimes has so far failed to be definitive. What is even more serious is that although China has renounced its war claim for Japan for the friendship between China and Japan, the prevalence and tolerance of Japan’s nationalist currents have failed to bring about a historical consensus among the people of Japan and China. In order to win true friendship between China and Japan, it is necessary to understand why Japan can evade the historical background of the war responsibilities.