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土壤线虫作为土壤生态系统中重要的组成部分,在养分转化及物质循环中起着重要作用。为研究长期施肥对土壤线虫群落的影响,在农业部哈尔滨黑土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站进行了长期施用有机肥、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥及不施肥处理的田间试验。结果表明:长期施肥对土壤线虫群落组成及线虫群落中不同营养类群的相对丰度均产生一定的影响。长期施肥条件下,土壤线虫种群的种类数量呈下降的趋势,除单施氮肥处理外,其余施肥处理土壤食细菌线虫的相对丰度均显著高于不施肥处理,而植物寄生线虫相对丰度则显著低于不施肥处理;从土壤线虫生态指数看,施肥处理自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)均低于对照,而施用有机肥及磷肥处理的土壤WI值显著高于不施肥对照;土壤线虫群落的变化表明土壤线虫群落对施肥产生了响应,可以用作施肥对土壤质量变化影响的生物学指标。
As an important part of soil ecosystem, soil nematode plays an important role in nutrient conversion and material circulation. In order to study the effect of long-term fertilization on soil nematode community, a field experiment was conducted in which long-term application of organic manure, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and no fertilization treatment were carried out at key field observation station of black soil ecological environment in Harbin. The results showed that long-term fertilization had a certain impact on the composition of soil nematode community and the relative abundance of different nutrient groups in nematode community. Under the condition of long-term fertilization, the species number of soil nematode tended to decline. Except for nitrogen application alone, the relative abundance of soil-borne bacterial nematodes was significantly higher than that without fertilization, while the relative abundance of plant parasitic nematodes Significantly lower than that of non-fertilization treatment; from the index of soil nematode ecological index, the maturity index (MI) of free-living nematode in fertilization treatment was lower than that of the control, while the soil WI value of applying organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of no fertilization control; Community changes indicate that the soil nematode community has responded to fertilization and can be used as a biological indicator of the effects of fertilization on soil quality changes.