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目的探讨视黄酸(RA)对肺过敏性炎症中巨噬细胞(Ma)功能的影响。方法采用鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)建立SD大鼠致敏模型,并持续吸入30 d激发大鼠哮喘;在石蜡油组、RA组、RA+皮质激素组雾化吸入治疗后,光学及电子显微镜观察各组大鼠肺、胸腺、脾脏过敏性炎症特点,以及Ma结构功能变化特征。结果激发后30~40 d,石蜡油组和RA+皮质激素组肺泡上皮细胞、内皮细胞与肺泡Ma均以空泡变性为主;石蜡油组致敏细胞较多,与肺泡Ma呈高度正相关(r=0.933);脾Ma退化伴随脾滤泡增生;RA+皮质激素组肺泡损伤和炎症较重,后期肺泡Ma与致敏细胞呈正相关(r=0.7);RA组肺泡受损较轻,超微结构恢复较好,肺泡Ma吞噬功能活跃,与致敏细胞呈负相关(r=-0.862),退化脾Ma较少,胸腺、脾增生渐弱。结论 RA可提高Ma吞噬功能,减少吸入抗原,保护肺泡结构;退化Ma可能导致内环境紊乱与免疫失衡。
Objective To investigate the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the function of macrophages (Ma) in pulmonary atypical inflammatory diseases. Methods SD rat sensitized model was established by using ovalbumin (OVA), and asthma was induced by continuous inhalation for 30 days. After inhalation treatment with paraffin oil group, RA group and RA + corticosteroid group, optical and electron microscopic observation The characteristics of hypersensitive inflammation in lung, thymus and spleen of rats in each group, and the structural features of Ma. Results After 30-40 d of stimulation, alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells and alveolar Ma were vacuolar degeneration mainly in the paraffin oil group and the RA + corticosteroid group. There were more sensitized cells in paraffin oil group and highly positive correlation with alveolar Ma r = 0.933). The spleen and follicular hyperplasia accompanied with splenic follicular hyperplasia, RA + corticosteroid group had more severe alveolar injury and inflammation, and the late phase of alveolar Ma was positively correlated with sensitized cells (r = 0.7) The structure recovery was good, phagocytosis of alveolar Ma was active, negatively correlated with sensitized cells (r = -0.862), less spleen Ma, thymus and spleen hyperplasia. Conclusions RA can enhance phagocytic function of Ma, reduce inhaled antigens and protect the structure of alveoli. Degradation of Ma may lead to internal environment disorders and immune imbalance.