核糖核酸酶(RNase)是一类广泛存在于动植物体内的核酸水解酶,近年来一系列研究表明核糖核酸酶及其结构类似物具有抗肿瘤活性,通过破坏RNA发挥抗肿瘤作用。有一些因素决定RNase的细胞毒性,了解这些因素有助于改造Rnase,以增强其细胞毒性,更好地发挥抗肿瘤治疗作用。RNase的研究为临床治疗肿瘤提供了新的前景,有望成为一类新型的抗肿瘤药物。 In recent years, a series of studies have shown that RNase and its structural analogs have anti-tumor activity and exert anti-tumor effect by damaging RNA. There are a number of factors that determine the cytotoxicity of RNase. Understanding these factors helps to modify Rnase to enhance its cytotoxicity and give better antitumor therapeutic effects. The research of RNase provides a new prospect for the clinical treatment of tumors and is expected to become a new type of antitumor drug.