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半个世纪来,随着外科技术的提高,对移植免疫认识的深入,作用于不同免疫应答环节的强有力免疫抑制剂的问世以及无血缘关系活体供肾和边缘供者的扩大应用,同种肾移植的数量和质量呈大幅度提高。至2002年底,全世界纳入统计的肾移植数量已超过55万例次。移植肾最长存活时间,亲属肾为39年,尸体肾为30年。肾移植近期效果已有明显提高,一年肾存活率由1984年前的50％提高到目前的90％以上。移植物半数生存时间(T_(1/2))也由原来的6.7年提高到10.9年,与近期效果相比,长期存活率的提高还不尽人意。同种肾移植的主要症结依然是怎样提高长期生存率和生活质量,以及解决供者来源匮乏。
Half a century, with the improvement of surgical techniques, the understanding of transplantation immunity, the role of powerful immunosuppressive agents in different aspects of immune response and the advent of unrelated living donor and marginal donor expansion, The number and quality of kidney transplants have dramatically increased. By the end of 2002, the number of kidney transplants included in the world had exceeded 550,000. The longest survival time of kidney transplant, relatives kidney for 39 years, the body of kidney for 30 years. The recent effect of kidney transplantation has been significantly improved, one year, the survival rate of kidney from 50% before 1984 increased to the current 90%. Half of the graft survival time (T_ (1/2)) from the original 6.7 years to 109 years, compared with the recent results, the improvement of long-term survival is less than satisfactory. The main crux of allografts is still how to improve long-term survival and quality of life, as well as to address the scarcity of donor sources.