重大的文学现象往往产生于社会大变动和民族大灾难的历史时期,抗战时期上海话剧的兴盛,既是此时期社会大变动的结果、也是民族大灾难的一种补偿。中国的话剧艺术在走过三十年坎坷曲折的艰难路途后,于抗战时期呈现出繁荣的局面,重庆、延安、桂林成为当时的剧运中心,尤其上海,虽然环境险恶,话剧却成为各阶层人民精神文化生活不可或缺的重要内容。八年中出现了几十个职业剧团,一百二十多个业余剧团,上演、改译和出版了上千个话剧,①编、导、演的技艺趋于成熟,观众的欣赏水平空前提 Major literary phenomena often originated in the historical period of great social change and national catastrophe. The rise of Shanghai drama during the Anti-Japanese War was not only the result of the great social changes during this period, but also a compensation for the national catastrophe. After three decades of ups and downs, China’s drama art showed a prosperous situation during the Anti-Japanese War. Chongqing, Yan’an and Guilin became the centers of the time. Shanghai, in particular, posed a threat to the environment, People’s spiritual and cultural life is an indispensable important content. Over the past eight years, there appeared dozens of professional theater troupes and more than 120 amateur theater troupes, staged, translated and published thousands of plays. ① The techniques of editing, directing and acting became mature and the audience’s appreciation was unprecedented