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以采后冬枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.‘Dongzao’)为试材,研究了拮抗菌梅奇酵母XY201菌株(Metschnikowia zizyphicola strain XY201)在冬枣表面及伤口的定殖能力及对冬枣采后主要病害黑斑病(病原菌Alternaria alternate)和青霉病(病原菌Penicillium expansum)的抑制效果。结果表明,梅奇酵母菌XY201的悬浮液及与碳酸氢钠或施保克配合使用,均能在冬枣果面及伤口迅速生长。在25℃常温、0℃低温人工气调和0℃低温自发气调3种贮藏条件下,冬枣单果表面拮抗菌数分别达到2.2×106～2.6×106(接种XY201菌株4d后)、6.3×105～9.7×105(60d)和4.0×105～1.1×106CFU(75d),分别是接种时的34.3～57.0、15.2～25.5和4.8～20.3倍;冬枣果实每个伤口拮抗菌数分别为1.9×107～3.6×107(8d)、1.2×107～1.8×107(30d)和8.4×106～1.2×107CFU(60d),分别是接种时的34.2～364.3、16.9～144.3和11.2～90.0倍。XY201菌株(1×108CFU·mL-1)分别与2%碳酸氢钠和50μg·mL-1施保克组合,试验初期冬枣果面和伤口的定殖能力受到抑制,后期其抑制作用逐渐减弱。在人工气调(0℃,O2浓度为2%～8%,CO2浓度为0)条件下贮藏60d时,XY201菌株1×108CFU·mL-1的悬浮液可有效抑制采后冬枣黑斑病的发生,发病率降低了52.5%～59.2%,病斑直径减小了5.9%～10.7%;但对青霉病的抑制效果不明显,发病率仅减少了3.6%～6.1%,病斑直径减小了11.3%～19.0%。
The effects of Metschnikowia zizyphicola strain XY201 on the surface and wound healing of jujube and the effects of black pepper on the main diseases of jujube postharvest were studied by using Zizyphus jujuba Mill.’Dongzao ’ (Alternaria alternate) and Penicillium expansum (Penicillium expansum). The results showed that the suspensions of Mycobacterium zeae XY201 and the combination with sodium bicarbonate or Shippocampus could grow rapidly on the fruit surface and wound of jujube. Under the conditions of 25 ℃ room temperature, 0 ℃ low temperature artificial atmosphere and 0 ℃ low temperature spontaneous atmosphere, the number of antagonistic bacteria on the surface of jujube jujube reached 2.2 × 106 ~ 2.6 × 106 (after inoculated with XY201 strain for 4 days), 6.3 × 105 ~ 9.7 × 105 (60d) and 4.0 × 105 ~ 1.1 × 106CFU (75d) respectively, which were 34.3 ~ 57.0, 15.2 ~ 25.5 and 4.8 ~ 20.3 times of that of inoculation respectively. The numbers of antagonistic bacteria in each wound of jujube were 1.9 × 107 ~ 3.6 × 107 (8d), 1.2 × 107 ~ 1.8 × 107 (30d) and 8.4 × 106 ~ 1.2 × 107CFU (60d) respectively, which were 34.2 ~ 364.3, 16.9 ~ 144.3 and 11.2 ~ 90.0 times of inoculation respectively. XY201 strain (1 × 108CFU · mL-1) was combined with 2% sodium bicarbonate and 50μg · mL-1 Shippocarnus, respectively. During the initial period of experiment, the colonization ability of fruit and wound of Dongzao jujube was inhibited, and its inhibition gradually weakened in the later period. The suspension of 1 × 108CFU · mL-1 of XY201 strain could effectively inhibit the occurrence of black spot disease of winter jujube after artificial atmosphere (0 ℃, O2 concentration of 2% -8%, CO2 concentration of 0) , The incidence rate decreased by 52.5% -59.2%, and the diameter of lesion decreased by 5.9% -10.7%. However, the inhibitory effect on Penicillium was not obvious, the incidence decreased by only 3.6% -6.1% Small 11.3% ~ 19.0%.