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肾病综合征包括大量蛋白尿和低白蛋白血症,通常伴有高脂血症和全身性水肿,有时伴有高血压,血尿或氮质血症。在成人,尿中蛋白超过3.5克/天即定为大量蛋白尿;在小儿则为0.05～0.1克/公斤体重/天。血清白蛋白<2.5克/100ml 即为小儿低白蛋白血症。Munk 氏提出“类脂性肾病”这一名称,用以描述一些患者在临床上有肾病综合征的表现,但他认为该病是肾小管的退行性过程,不累及肾小球。这个名称后来适用于某些特发性肾病综合征,尤其是较常见的微小损害性肾病综合征的病例。
Nephrotic syndrome includes a large amount of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, usually accompanied by hyperlipidemia and systemic edema, sometimes accompanied by hypertension, hematuria or azotemia. In adults, urine protein over 3.5 g / day is defined as a large amount of proteinuria; in children is 0.05 to 0.1 g / kg body weight / day. Serum albumin <2.5 g / 100ml is hypoalbuminemia in children. Munk put forward the name “lipid nephropathy” to describe the clinical manifestations of some patients with nephrotic syndrome, but he believes that the disease is a tubular degeneration process, does not affect the glomerular. This name was later applied to some idiopathic nephrotic syndromes, especially in the more common cases of minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome.