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现代防洪的理论和策略有了新的发展和新的突破。采用工程措施与非工程措施相結合的办法已成为世界上許多国家防洪对策的普遍趋向。在以洪泛区的調整为核心的非工程防洪措施体系中,洪水保险是一项重要内容和有效手段。我国主要水系的防洪能力还不高,采取各种有效的工程措施,提高設防标准,是主攻方向。然而仅仅着眼于防洪的工程措施,是不够全面的。重视和加强非工程防洪措施的研究,试办洪水保险,是对我国防洪事业具有重大战略意义的政策問题,亟需行政、立法、金融、水利等部门共同参与,納入国土整治的范畴,吸引和組织各类专业人员通力协作,以提出符合我国国情、切实可行的决策方案。本文综述了各国洪灾损失概况、防洪措施的发展和分类,以及美国实施洪水保险的演变历史。最后,提出了关于我国試办洪水保险的若干看法和建議。
The theory and strategy of modern flood control have brought new developments and new breakthroughs. The combination of engineering and non-engineering measures has become a common trend in many countries in flood control. Flood insurance is an important content and an effective measure in the non-engineering flood prevention measures centering on the adjustment of floodplain. The flood control ability of the major river systems in our country is not high. Various effective engineering measures are taken to raise the standard of fortification. It is the main direction of attack. However, engineering measures that focus only on flood control are not comprehensive enough. Emphasizing and strengthening the research on non-engineering flood prevention measures and piloting flood insurance are the policy issues of great strategic significance for the cause of flood control in our country. We urgently need the departments of administration, legislation, finance and water conservancy to jointly participate in the area of land remediation, attract and We will organize all kinds of professionals to work together to come up with decision-making solutions that are in line with China’s national conditions and practicable. This paper reviews the overview of flood damage in various countries, the development and classification of flood control measures, and the history of the evolution of flood insurance in the United States. Finally, some opinions and suggestions on trial flood insurance in our country are put forward.