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正确地分析和总结新中国史学发展道路,关系到能否自觉地继承、发扬中国马克思主义史学的宝贵思想遗产,而且关系到认清当前史学的发展方向。有的研究者将建国后十七年的史学贬斥为“完全政治化”的史学,认为它毫无学术的独立性,这种看法与历史事实是大相径庭的。从总体看,“十七年”史学虽然经历过严重的曲折,但成绩是主要的。造成评价如此分歧的症结所在,是能否正确把握“十七年”中两种学风的对立及其斗争的实质。“十七年”中存在着两种对立的学风,一种是实事求是、坚持将唯物史观基本原理与中国历史实际相结合的优良学风,一种是教条主义的恶劣学风。“十七年”史学所取得的成就,恰恰是正直、严肃的学者大力发扬优良学风、坚决抵制教条主义恶劣学风而取得的。这是正确评价的关键,也是考察“十七年”史学的一个极其重要的方法论问题。如果离开了这一正确的原则,就会只看到教条化横行,甚至将错误不加分析地归罪于提倡唯物史观,从而怀疑唯物史观科学理论的指导作用。
Correctly analyzing and summarizing the development path of the history of new China relates to whether we can conscientiously inherit and carry forward the valuable ideological legacy of the Chinese Marxist historiography and is also related to recognizing the current development direction of historiography. Some researchers dismissed the history of 17 years after the founding of the People’s Republic as the historiography of “total politicization” and considered it as having no academic independence. This view is quite different from historical facts. Overall, the “seventeen years” history although experienced a serious twists and turns, but the results are the main. The crux of the reason for this disagreement lies in whether we can correctly grasp the contradiction between the two styles of study in “Seventeen Years” and the substance of their struggle. There are two opposing styles of study in the seventeen years. One is to seek truth from facts, adhere to the fine style of study that combines the basic principles of materialism with the historical facts in China, and the dogma of bad dogmatism. “Seventeen years ” history achievements, it is precisely integrity, serious scholars vigorously carry forward the fine style of study, and resolutely resist the bad dogmatic doctrine obtained. This is the key to a correct assessment and an extremely important methodological issue to examine the history of “seventeen years.” If we depart from this correct principle, we will only see the dogma rampant, and even blame the analysis of mistakes without analysis to promote the historical materialism, thus doubting the guiding role of the scientific theory of historical materialism.