论文部分内容阅读
单基因雄性不育至今仍未用于水稻(Oryza satira L.)的改良,因为这种突变体农艺性状上有益的遗传背景对育种家来说是没有用的。本研究的目的是诱发广泛种植的水稻栽培品种“IR36”的雄性不育。供试材料为水稻栽培品种“IR36”的干种子,每处理100g,用浓度为0.2、0.4、0.8、1.2和1.6%的乙稀亚胺处理1或3小时,得到单基因雄性不育突变体。较高浓度和较长持续时间处理的种子与较低浓度和较短持续时间处理的种子相比,发芽率的下降幅度更大。0.4%浓度处理1 小时和0.2%浓度处理3小时,种子发芽率分别下降到69%和30%,优于其它处理。在4个 M_2代中,具有正常有丝分裂的雄性不育植株与对照“IR36”杂交,其 F_2的分离表明,每一品系的雄性不育遗传均受一对隐性基因所控制。这些雄性不育植株在异性杂交时有较高的种子结实率。本文讨论了隐性基因所控制的雄性不育在水稻改良中利用的可能性。
Single-gene male sterility has not yet been used for the improvement of rice (Oryza satira L.) because the beneficial genetic background of the agronomic traits of this mutant is useless to breeders. The purpose of this study was to induce male sterility in a widely cultivated rice cultivar “IR36”. The tested material was a dry seed of the rice cultivar “IR36” treated with ethylenediamine at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6% for 1 or 3 hours for each 100 g of treatment to obtain a single-gene male sterile mutant . Seeds that were treated at higher concentrations and longer duration had a greater reduction in germination rates than seeds that were treated at lower concentrations and shorter durations. 0.4% concentration for 1 hour and 0.2% for 3 hours, the seed germination rate dropped to 69% and 30% respectively, which was better than other treatments. In 4 M_2 generations, the male sterile plants with normal mitosis were crossed with the control “IR36”. The segregation of F_2 showed that the male sterility of each line was controlled by a pair of recessive genes. These male-sterile plants have higher seed setting rate in heterosexual hybridization. This article discusses the potential of male sterility controlled by recessive genes for rice improvement.