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非晶态纳米材料因兼具非晶态结构和纳米尺度(通常在10～400 nm)的性质,在磁学、催化等领域均显示出诱人的前景。非晶微粒的常规制备方法大致有破碎法和雾化法两种,所得粒度一般大于20μm。近年来有两种方法引起了人们的广泛重视:一为溶液中的化学还原法,如通过水溶液中KBH_4(NaH_2PO_2,NaBH_4等)还原过渡金属离子,制备过渡金属(Fe,Co,Ni)-类金属(B,P)非晶态合金超细微粒,对Fe-B体系,粒径分布为10～100nm,比表面不超过20m~2/g,含B量不超过40％;另一种为机械合金化法,即通过基元混合或不同合金混合粉的高能机械球磨法,主要适用于过渡金属-金属体系。但其条件要求苛刻,不易得到均一的非晶合金组分,且尺度仅为微米量级。
Amorphous nanomaterials have attractive prospects in the fields of magnetism, catalysis and the like due to their combination of amorphous structure and nanoscale (usually 10-400 nm). Conventional methods for the preparation of amorphous particles are generally broken and atomized two, the resulting particle size is generally greater than 20μm. In recent years, there are two kinds of methods that have attracted people's attention: one is the chemical reduction method in solution, such as the transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni) -type is prepared by the reduction of transition metal ions by KBH 4 (NaH 2 PO 2, NaBH 4, etc.) Metal (B, P) amorphous alloy ultrafine particles, the Fe-B system, the particle size distribution of 10 ~ 100nm, the specific surface of not more than 20m ~ 2 / g, B content does not exceed 40%; the other is Mechanical alloying method, that is, through the elementary mixing or different alloy powder high-energy mechanical milling method, mainly for transition metal - metal system. However, the requirements of the harsh conditions, not easy to get uniform amorphous alloy composition, and the scale is only on the order of microns.