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中共在1946年国共内战之前在解放区开展了轰轰烈烈的土地改革,目的就在于改变解放区乡村社会的权力结构,重建、巩固和强化党在乡村的组织化控制,从而为征兵、扩大军队兵源创造条件。基于这一目的,中共在土改中采取了一系列策略性行为,包括在其控制的中心区与边沿区采取不同的土地政策,在贫雇农路线和中农路线之间进行微妙平衡,等等,这使整个土改过程呈现出高度的复杂性。中共最终通过土改,使党组织在乡村社会扎根,进而有效地动员农民广泛参军,为中共军队最终战胜国民党军队奠定了决定性的后勤基础。
In 1946, the Chinese Communists held a vigorous land reform in the liberated areas before the civil war in 1946. The purpose was to change the power structure of rural communities in the liberated areas and to rebuild, consolidate and strengthen the party’s organizational control over the countryside so as to create the conditions for conscription and expansion of military sources. For this purpose, the CCP took a series of strategic actions in land reform, including adopting different land policies in the central and border areas under its control and a delicate balance between the poor, peasant-farming and middle-peasant routes, etc. The entire process of land reform presents a high degree of complexity. Through the land reform, the CCP eventually took root in the party community in rural areas and effectively mobilized peasants to join the army. This laid the decisive foundation for the CCP’s military victory over the KMT army.