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目的调查2014年长春市某大学一起麻疹暴发原因。方法采用统一调查表,对所有疑似病例进行调查,并采集其血液和咽拭子标本进行实验室检测,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果共搜索到28例疑似麻疹病例,其中确诊19例,症状不典型比例为94.74%,学校罹患率为0.15%;麻疹PCR病毒核酸检测阳性率为67.86%,麻疹Ig M血清学检测阳性率为3.57%;全校麻疹评估接种率约为80%,有免疫史人群中,续发率为29%。结论本起疫情是由麻疹典型病例引起的不典型麻疹暴发,病原学检测可提高早期诊断率;建议全国范围内,对新入学大学新生接种1剂麻疹疫苗,以加速麻疹消除进程。
Objective To investigate the causes of a measles outbreak in a university in Changchun in 2014. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to investigate all the suspected cases and blood and throat swab specimens were collected for laboratory testing and described by epidemiological methods. Results A total of 28 suspected cases of measles were detected, of which 19 were diagnosed, 94.74% were atypical symptoms, and the school attack rate was 0.15%. The positive rate of measles PCR virus was 67.86%, and the positive rate of measles IgM serology was 3.57%; Measles vaccination rate of about 80% of the whole school, immunization history of the crowd, the recurrence rate was 29%. Conclusions The outbreak was caused by atypical measles outbreak caused by the typical case of measles. The etiological detection can improve the early diagnosis rate. It is recommended that new measles vaccine should be given to new freshmen nationwide to speed up the course of measles elimination.