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为探讨ｐ２１基因在食管癌发生中的意义，采用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化染色法，对４３例食管癌手术标本的ｐ２１蛋白进行标记。结果发现：从正常鳞状上皮→癌旁不典型增生→鳞癌组织，ｐ２１的阳性表达率呈逐渐下降趋势，而且鳞癌组织中ｐ２１阳性表达率与正常鳞状上皮中ｐ２１的阳性表达率的差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０００１）；同时，随着癌分化程度的下降，ｐ２１蛋白阳性表达率呈现下降趋势，低分化者阳性率显著低于中等分化及高分化者（Ｐ＜００５）。另外，还观察到正常上皮中表层细胞的ｐ２１蛋白表达率较高。结论：ｐ２１蛋白表达的变化是食管癌发生中的早期事件，可能与癌的进展密切相关，在正常细胞周期的调控中起负调作用
To investigate the significance of p21 gene in the development of esophageal cancer, the p21 protein of 43 surgical specimens of esophageal cancer was labeled with LSAB immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that the positive expression rate of p21 in normal squamous epithelium→paracancerous atypical hyperplasia→squamous cell carcinoma showed a decreasing trend, and the positive expression rate of p21 in squamous cell carcinoma and p21 in normal squamous epithelium The difference was significant (P<0001). At the same time, as the degree of cancer differentiation decreased, the positive expression rate of p21 protein showed a downward trend, and the positive rate of poorly differentiated persons was significantly lower than that of moderately differentiated and highly differentiated individuals (P<0). 05). In addition, it was also observed that the expression rate of p21 protein in the epithelial cells of normal epithelium was higher. Conclusion: The change of p21 protein expression is an early event in the development of esophageal cancer. It may be closely related to the progression of cancer and play a negative role in the regulation of normal cell cycle.