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“耻”是《论语》中的重要范畴。“耻”有两层涵义:“耻”的道德情感和“耻”的伦理规范。“耻”的道德情感与“耻”的伦理规范在《论语》中不是彼此悬隔的,人伦关系为二者的共在与融合提供了本体论依据。依循人伦关系中的“己—人”之维,二者分别以“仁”和“礼”为评判觇标。在以“仁”为范导的“耻”之道德情感和以“礼”为规约的“耻”之伦理规范的互动之中,孔子所追求的君子人格的养成有了保障。
“Shame ” is an important category in The Analects of Confucius. “Shame ” has two layers of meaning: “shame ” moral feelings and “shame ” ethical code. The moral feelings of “shame” and the ethical norms of “shame” are not separated from each other in the Analects of Confucius, and the relationship of human relations provides an ontological basis for the coexistence and integration of the two. According to the relationship between “human being and human being” in the relationship of human relations, the two are judged by “ren ” and “courtesy ” respectively. In the interaction between the moral feelings of “shame” and the ethical norms of “shame” regulated by “benevolence ”, the support of gentlemen ’s character pursued by Confucius Into a guarantee.