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杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)识别并与靶细胞表面人类白细胞抗原(HLA)Ⅰ类分子结合后转导活化性或抑制性信号,从而调节自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性。在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)中,当KIR识别的HLA配体缺失时,NK细胞的同种异体反应性被激活,并特异性杀伤靶细胞。NK细胞KIR分子与靶细胞HLA分子特异性识别机制参与移植物抗白血病(GvL)效应和移植物抗宿主病(GvHD)。同种异体NK细胞介导的GvL效应和降低的GvHD发生率使其适合移植。现就allo-HSCT中同种异体NK细胞的临床应用及研究进展予以综述。
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) recognize and bind to HLA class I molecules on the target cell surface and then transduce activating or inhibitory signals to regulate natural killer (NK) cell activity. In allo-HSCT, NK cells are alloreactive and specifically target target cells when the HLA ligand recognized by KIR is absent. HLA-specific recognition of NK cell KIR molecules and target cells is involved in graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Allogeneic NK cell mediated GvL effect and reduced incidence of GvHD make it suitable for transplantation. The allo-HSCT in allogeneic NK cells clinical application and research progress are reviewed.