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土家语长期来受汉语汉文化持续不断的影响,结构系统内部发生了很大的变化。本文对南部土家语中一些特殊词汇及其构成方式进行分析,提出南部土家语受汉语影响形成了土汉混合式、借汉重组式、喻义仿造式、移音联义式等几种特殊的构词方式,这些方式构成的新词同相应的汉语词在结构形式、语义来源、构词理据或者音义联系等方面有密切的关系,体现了汉语对土家语词汇的深层影响。在此基础上论文进一步阐述语言生成方式的形成和发展同语言接触及社会文化背景的密切联系,揭示了语言接触性影响的多样性。
For a long time, Tujia language has been affected by the continuous Chinese-Chinese culture, and great changes have taken place in the structural system. This paper analyzes some special words in Tujia language and their composition, and puts forward that the Tujia language in the southern part of the country is influenced by the Chinese language and formed several special kinds of native-Chinese hybrids, borrowed reorganizations, metaphorical imitations, The new words formed by these methods are closely related to the corresponding Chinese words in terms of structure form, semantic sources, formation motivation or sound and sound relations, which reflects the profound influence of Chinese on the vocabulary of Tujia language. On the basis of this, the essay further elaborates the close relationship between the formation and development of language generating ways and the language contact and social cultural background, and reveals the diversity of the impact of language contact.