Symptomatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with pseudoaneurysm after percutaneous renal biopsy is an uncommon anomaly, occurring from 0.34% to 6.3%.1Most of these vascular lesions are of little clinical importance. However, severe bleeding,2 persistent hematuria, or acute urinary retention may occur, requiring treatment. Here we report a case of gross hematuria and acute urinary retention after renal biopsy in a male patient.An arteriovenous fistula with pseudoaneurysm was detected by renal ultrasound, confirmed by angiography and then successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization3 without damage to renal parenchyma.