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目的对承德市中小学生因病缺课调查,研究干预措施,为政府、卫生、教育部门制定相关政策提供依据,保障学生身心健康和正常学习生活。方法 2012年2月至2013年1月对承德市中小学生采用疾控机构网络直报系统、学校报告、医院确诊病例报告三种途径,症状监测与病例监测两种方法进行资料收集。结果承德市中小学生因病缺课率为0.25%。中小学生缺课人数前十位的疾病是上呼吸道感染(90.51%)、水痘(1.85%)、流腮(1.52%)、损伤(0.70%)、骨折(0.57%)手足口病(0.54%)、感染性腹泻(0.50%)、猩红热(0.41%)、肺炎(0.34%)、流感(0.33%)。学生缺课率非传染病(0.22%)高于传染病(0.03%),中学生缺课率(0.29%)高于小学生(0.22%),市级学校学生缺课率(0.32%)高于县及以下学校学生(0.24%),男生缺课率(0.33%)明显高于女生(0.16%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强多部门协作,采取综合干预措施,是预防疾病保障学生身体健康的关键。
Objective To investigate the primary and secondary school students’ absence due to illness in Chengde city and to study the intervention measures to provide basis for the government, health department and education department to formulate relevant policies to ensure their physical and mental health and their normal life. Methods From February 2012 to January 2013, primary and secondary school students in Chengde adopted three methods: network direct reporting system of CDC, school report and hospital confirmed case report, monitoring symptoms and case monitoring. Results Chengde primary and secondary school students due to illness absent rate of 0.25%. Top ten diseases of primary and secondary school students were upper respiratory tract infections (90.51%), chickenpox (1.85%), gills (1.52%), injuries (0.70%), fractures (0.57% , Infectious diarrhea (0.50%), scarlet fever (0.41%), pneumonia (0.34%) and flu (0.33%). Student absentee rate was higher in noncommunicable diseases (0.22%) than in infectious diseases (0.03%), abortion rate in middle school students (0.29%) was higher than that in primary school students (0.22%), absenteeism rate in municipal schools was 0.32% (0.24%), the absentee rate of boys (0.33%) was significantly higher than that of girls (0.16%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Strengthening multisectoral collaboration and adopting comprehensive interventions are the keys to preventing the disease from protecting the health of students.