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翻译规范有“应然”与“实然”两种形态,翻译规范研究有规约与描述两种范式。在规约性范式中,研究者秉承现代型知识观,从立法者的角色立场出发,试图创建“应然”之翻译规范以实现指导翻译实践的目标;在描述性范式中,研究者秉承后现代型知识观,从阐释者的角色立场出发,试图重建“实然”之翻译规范以实现解释翻译实践的目标。“应然有效”与“实然有效”是翻译规范之有效性不容混淆的两个维度。全面认识翻译规范,既需要分层次的范式比较,也需要跨层次的整体思考。
There are two kinds of translation paradigms, such as “ought to be” and “actually”, and there are two kinds of paradigms in the study of translation norms. In the statutory paradigm, the researchers uphold the modern concept of knowledge, from the perspective of the legislator’s role in the attempt to create “should be” translation norms in order to achieve the goal of guiding the practice of translation; in the descriptive paradigm, the researchers uphold From the perspective of the interpreter’s role, the postmodernist view of knowledge attempts to reconstruct the translation standard of “Really” to achieve the goal of interpreting translation practice. “Should be effective ” and “effective” A full understanding of translation norms requires both hierarchical paradigms and holistic thinking across levels.