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“守文”的形式主义司法在秦汉时期已经基本站稳脚跟。但由于东汉末年的动乱,追求巩固统治的短视冲动诱使统治者逐渐背离了这一司法传统而转向实质主义司法,结果引发了严重的法律危机。魏晋之际,有识之士开始反思实质主义,证成形式主义司法,这便是发生在魏晋之际的司法哲理之辩。论辩双方就形式主义的“守文”裁判与实质主义的“至善”裁判在方方面面进行了论辩,最终确立了司法者“守文”、疑难案件大臣释法、皇帝法外权衡这一中国古代司法形式主义的基本模式,这对唐以后直至清末的立法、司法产生了极其重大的影响。但是由于缺乏主体间性的规范支撑、宪政制度支撑和人的尊严的价值支撑,这个司法形式主义是很脆弱的,实践中的卡迪司法始终如影随形。
“Shouwen ” formalist justice in the Qin and Han dynasties has been basically a firm foothold. However, as a result of the turmoil in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the short-sighted impulse to pursue consolidation of sovereignty led the rulers to deviate from this judicial tradition and turned to substantive justice. As a result, a serious legal crisis was triggered. On the occasion of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people of insight began to reflect on essentialism and prove formalism and justice. This is the debate on the judicial philosophy that took place in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The two sides argued on all aspects of the formalism “Shouwen ” referee and substantive “goodness ” referee, finally established the judicial “Shouwen ”, the minister of difficult cases interpretation of the law, the emperor extrajudicial balance This basic pattern of ancient Chinese judicial formalism exerted an extremely great influence on the legislation and judicature from the Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. However, because of the lack of the normative support of intersubjectivity, the support of the constitutional system and the value of human dignity, this judicial formalism is very fragile, and the practice of the Kadi justice has always followed.