黑色素瘤是一种高度恶性的黑色素细胞肿瘤,多见于皮肤,也可见于黏膜、眼和中枢神经系统色素沉着区。黑色素瘤发展迅速,易转移,病死率高,Ⅳ期转移性黑色素瘤的中位生存期≤1年[1]。虽然仅占皮肤肿瘤的3%,但其死亡病例却占皮肤肿瘤的65%[2]。黑色素瘤发生机制仍不十分清楚,传统的治疗手段效果不佳。近年来,发现一些基因突变及信号通路异常激活在黑色素瘤的形成中起重要作用,而针对这些改变的靶向治疗成了当前研究的热点。目前常 Melanoma is a highly malignant melanocytic tumor, more common in the skin, but also in the mucous membranes, eyes and central nervous system pigmentation zone. Melanoma rapid development, easy to transfer, high mortality, stage Ⅳ metastatic melanoma median survival ≤ 1 year. Although only 3% of skin tumors, but the deaths accounted for 65% of skin tumors [2]. Melanoma mechanism is still not very clear, the traditional treatment ineffective. In recent years, some gene mutations and abnormal activation of signaling pathways have been found to play an important role in the formation of melanoma. Targeted therapies targeting these changes have become hot topics in current research. Now often